The way to maintain
motivation and achieve peak levels of desire is to work on tasks of “just
manageable difficulty.”
The human brain loves a challenge, but only if it is within an
optimal zone of difficulty. If you love tennis and try to play a serious
match against a four-year-old, you will quickly become bored. It’s too
easy. You’ll win every point. In contrast, if you play a professional
tennis player like Roger Federer or Serena Williams, you will quickly
lose motivation because the match is too difficult.
Now consider playing tennis against someone who is your equal. As
the game progresses, you win a few points and you lose a few. You have
a good chance of winning, but only if you really try. Your focus
narrows, distractions fade away, and you find yourself fully invested in
the task at hand. This is a challenge of just manageable difficulty and it
is a prime example of the Goldilocks Rule.
The Goldilocks Rule states that humans experience peak motivation
when working on tasks that are right on the edge of their current
abilities. Not too hard. Not too easy. Just right.
FIGURE 15: Maximum motivation occurs when facing a challenge of just
manageable difficulty. In psychology research this is known as the Yerkes–
Dodson law, which describes the optimal level of arousal as the midpoint
between boredom and anxiety
When you’re starting a new habit, it’s important to keep the
behavior as easy as possible so you can stick with it even when
conditions aren’t perfect.
Once a habit has been established, however, it’s important to
continue to advance in small ways. These little improvements and new
challenges keep you engaged. And if you hit the Goldilocks Zone just
right, you can achieve a flow state.
A flow state is the experience of being “in the zone” and fully
immersed in an activity. Scientists have tried to quantify this feeling.
They found that to achieve a state of flow, a task must be roughly 4
percent beyond your current ability. In real life it’s typically not
feasible to quantify the difficulty of an action in this way, but the core
idea of the Goldilocks Rule remains: working on challenges of just
manageable difficulty—something on the perimeter of your ability—
seems crucial for maintaining motivation.
Improvement requires a delicate balance. You need to regularly
search for challenges that push you to your edge while continuing to
make enough progress to stay motivated. Behaviors need to remain
novel in order for them to stay attractive and satisfying. Without
variety, we get bored. And boredom is perhaps the greatest villain on
the quest for self-improvement.
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